Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of GS Rg1 Effect on the Viability and Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma U87-MG and U251-MG Cells using MTT and BrdU assays, Respectively. U87-MG(A and B) and U251-MG (C and D) cells were treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μM of GS Rg1 for 48 h, respectively. The viabilities were determined as percent compared to the controls. GS Rg1 inhibits proliferative properties of U87-MG and U251-MG cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. (∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01,and ∗∗∗: p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity of Extracellular Cathepsin B by GS Rg1 in U87-MG and U251-MG Cells. MMP2 (A and D) and MMP9 (B and E) expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. GS Rg1 at concentrations 5, 10 and 20 μM inhibited mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. (C and F) Evaluation of GS Rg1 effect on proteolytic activity of extracellular Cathepsin B secreted from U87-MG and U251-MG cell line. GS Rg1 at concentrations 5, 10 and 20 μM inhibited activity of cathepsin, respectively. The values are given as mean ± SD compared with the control (∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01, ∗∗∗: p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗: p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, Activity Assay, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stimulation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activity by GS Rg1 in U87-MG and U251-MG cells. (A and C) GS Rg1 increased activity of Caspase-3 in a concentration-dependent manner. (B and D) GS Rg1 increased activity of Caspase-9 in a concentration-dependent manner. The values are given as mean ± SD compared with the control (∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗: p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GS Rg1 on transcriptional expression of proteins involved in Survival of Glioblastoma Cells. Transcriptional expression of IKK2(A and G), survivin (B and H), c-Myc (C and I), hTERT (D and J), NEMO (NF-κB regulators) (E and K), STAT3(F and L) in U87-MG and U251-MG cell line, after treatment with GS Rg1 for 48 h. Data are shown as fold change in relative expression compared with HPRT1 on the basis of comparative Ct (2-ΔΔCt) method. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Statistically different values of ∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01, ∗∗∗: p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗: p < 0.0001 are determined compared with the control.

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GS Rg1 on transcriptional expression of proteins involved in apoptosis of Glioblastoma Cells. Transcriptional expression of Bax (A and I), Caspase-3 (B and J), Caspase-9 (C and K), Bcl-2 (D and L), Bax/Bcl-2 (E and M), Blf-1(F and N), Bcl-xl (G and O) and p21(H and P) in U87-MG and U251-MG cell line, after treatment with GS Rg1 for 48 h. Data are shown as fold change in relative expression compared with HPRT1 on the basis of comparative Ct (2-ΔΔCt) method. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Statistically different values of ∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01, ∗∗∗: p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗: p < 0.0001 are determined compared with the control.

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102548

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GS Rg1 on transcriptional expression of proteins involved in invasion and media pH change of Glioblastoma Cells. Transcriptional expression of MMP14 (A and G), Cathepsin B (B and H), uPA (C and I), uPAR (D and J), CA9 (E and K) and NHE1(F and L) in U87-MG and U251-MG cell line, after treatment with GS Rg1 for 48 h. Data are shown as fold change in relative expression compared with HPRT1 on the basis of comparative Ct (2-ΔΔCt) method. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Statistically different values of ∗: p < 0.05, ∗∗: p < 0.01, ∗∗∗: p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗: p < 0.0001 are determined compared with the control.

Article Snippet: The human glioma cell line U87-MG (U87 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0238; Wuhan, China) and U251-MG(U251 Malignant Glioma, #CL-0237; Wuhan, China) were obtained from Procell and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology, Huzhou, China) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco), at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Expressing, Control